Figures of Speech The Apostrophe as a Literary Device

In addition to being a punctuation mark, an apostrophe is a  figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding. Also known as a turne tale, aversio, and aversion, apostrophes are more often found in poetry than in  prose. An apostrophe is a form of personification  that essayist Brendan McGuigan describes in Rhetorical Devices as a  forceful, emotional device most ideally used in creative writing and  persuasive  essays that lean heavily on emotional strength. However, McGuigan goes on to say that in  formal  persuasive and informative essays, using apostrophe might seem a bit melodramatic and distracting. To provide a bit of context, look no further than the famous poem by Jane Taylor turned modern-day nursery rhyme The Star, written in 1806, which calls out to the celestial body of a star saying, Twinkle, twinkle, little star,/How I wonder what you are. In this case, the apostrophe speaks directly to an inanimate star up above the world so high, personifying it and pondering how its doing. The device is also used in the carol Oh Christmas Tree as people sing not only ​about the cherished holiday topiary but to it. Importance of Apostrophe in Poetry, Prose, and Song As a form of  direct address  to an inanimate object, apostrophe serves to further poetic imagery and often emphasizes the emotional weight of objects in our everyday world. The figure of speech serves a vital function in everyone from Mary Shelleys works ( Scoffing devil! Again do I vow vengeance from Frankenstein to Simon Garfunkels hit smash The Sound of Silence (Hello darkness, my old friend,/I’ve come to talk with you again). Apostrophe happens in Shakespeares Sonnet 18 as the narrator starts out speaking to an absent thee: Shall I compare thee to a summers day? It also appears in the play Hamlet when the title character is in a rage about his mother marrying Claudius. Hamlet calls out to the abstraction frailty in Act 1: Frailty, thy name is woman! In Edgar Allen Poes works, he distinctly speaks to a raven sitting upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door  as if it could understand him in the poem of the same name, and in the poem To One in Paradise, he starts out addressing his love (absent from the scene) thus: Thou wast all that to me, love. Just as in poetry, the literary device comes up in song often, such as any time that the words are directed to someone not able to hear. Or in addressing the inanimate. In the smash #1 hit by the doo-wop group the Marcels from 1961, the Blue Moon is addressed: Blue moon, you saw me standing alone/without a dream in my heart, without a love of my own.   Categorically, apostrophe fits into the English vernacular as part of the  irony  family alongside aporia—a figure of speech in which the speaker expresses real or simulated doubt on a topic—wherein the speaker of an apostrophe obviously understands that the subject cannot truly understand the words but instead uses the speech to emphasize his or her description of that object. More Examples From Pop Culture Next time youre watching your favorite television show, take a moment to see if you can spot any clever usage of apostrophes from the characters—you might be shocked at how often this figure of speech is utilized to help actors convey their messages to audiences. Even as early as Grecian times when Homer wrote The Odyssey, apostrophes were used as literary devices to break from addressing the primary audience to instead speak to a third party, with the relatively impersonal narrator occasionally butting in to break the third wall and inform the audience members of some plot device they may have missed.   In modern times, television shows—especially comedies—often use this feature to call out to their audiences. Such is the case when characters on Battlestar Galactica call out Frakking toasters every time something goes wrong on the spaceship, with the toasters in questions being the humanoid Cylons whose goal is to destroy the remaining human population on board.   When Star Treks Captain James Kirk waves his fist in the air and yells Khaaan! at his absent nemesis, thats also a use of apostrophe. In the movie Cast Away, to keep from losing his mind, the character Chuck Noland, played by Tom Hanks, talks to a volleyball, Wilson. Fortunately, it doesnt talk back. Although most commonly used in spoken rhetoric, apostrophes can also come into play in written forms; such is the case in a famous example of a cigarette advertisement firm addressing young audiences in its ad—who couldnt buy the product—to appeal to older audiences who long to re-experience the proverbial youth the cigarette marketer was trying to sell.

Cesare Lombroso s Death Of Scientific Criminology

Cesare Lombroso was a psychiatrist and prison doctor at an asylum for the criminally insane in Italy in 1871. This man made one of the earliest theories in criminology after discovering an unusual indentation at the base of a man’s brain named Giuseppe Villella whilst doing a routine autopsy( Lombroso, Horton, Rich, 2004). Dr Cesare Lombroso who is sometimes called the father of scientific criminology, became convinced that you could tell a criminal due to their facial features. He stated that criminals had bigger noses and low sloping foreheads. He argued that criminals were a regression from a previous evolutionary state. known as atavism, and that criminals were born not made. He also claimed that different types of crime were committed by different types of criminals and that they could be distinguished by physical difference. However spotting potential criminals was unfortunately not as simple as that. Yet despite this theory, this was the beginning of trying to find ou t if criminals are biologically different to non- criminals.(Lombroso, Horton,Rich,2004). Many psychologists have done many hours of research on criminal behaviour, of hoping to discover an explanation about why a person commits a crime. The debate as been on whether criminals are born this way (nature) or is it blamed on (nurture) the way a person is brought up. To say that criminals are biologically different to non- criminals would be an insubstantial way to process the situation, since genes mostlyShow MoreRelatedCompare Beccaria and Lombroso Essay2327 Words   |  10 PagesCompare 2 Key Thinkers and Their Competing Ideologies. Criminology is a study of crime, criminals and criminal justice. Ideas about criminal justice and crime arose in the 18th century during the enlightenment, but criminology as we know it today developed in the late 19th century. 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These constituted Normal Crime and wereRead MoreThe Theories And Theories Of Criminology1772 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Criminology has emerged as a science in the recent years, and various theories and perspectives have been developed by the social scientists and criminologists in this regard. With the development of sociology as a new subject of study and defining the sociology by the August Comte in 1822, the way was paved for the development of criminology, as the new branch of study. This Branch deals with the study of crime and it gradually developed as academic discipline in Britain in 1950s. Cesare LombrosoRead MoreCriminal Justics and Theories2471 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelop theory. In my theory class we learned about Cesare Lombroso and his influence on criminology. Cesare Lombroso developed the initial steps on criminology, and used Charles Darwin ideas to help him develop his theories. Cesare Lombroso used science and evolution to prove his points about criminals and why they committed certain crimes. Lombroso used skulls and body shapes to prove his theory, and he later wrote several books about them. Lombroso used bone shapes and comparing them to apes and monkeysRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagesmany different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different ca tegories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies of crimeRead MoreAre Criminals Rational Decision Makers? Essay examples2042 Words   |  9 PagesThere are several theories that are used to explain why people commit crimes. These theories cover a range of scientific studies that still continue to be used in crime studies today. By using these theories and information gathered, an explanation of the criminal behaviours will be examined and explained relating to each supporting theories. The traditional explanations for crime are nature vs. nurture debate and the ideas relating to any possible biological reasons that turns someone into a criminalRead Moreis poverty the main factor affect crime5090 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction In the essay I’m going to talk about criminology and criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. Is one social group involved in crime more than other social groups? Crime is an unlawful act punishable by the state, harmful act or omission against the public which the state wishes to prevent and which, upon conviction is punishable by fine, imprisonment and in some countries death. No conduct constitutes a crime unless it is declared criminal in the laws of the countryRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreCrime and Deviance is Normal in Society Essay2155 Words   |  9 Pages„ « Physiological theories Cesare Lombroso, an Italian army doctor, is considered by many as the founder of the scientific school of criminology, drew physiological conclusions. Lombroso ¡Ã‚ ¦s infamous work, L ¡Ã‚ ¦Uomo Delinquents (1876), first developed the idea of the atavistic criminal. Atavism, a term originally used by Charles Darwin, suggests that in the process of human evolution some individuals can represent a genetic  ¡Ã‚ ¨throwback ¡Ã‚ ¨. Utilizing this idea, Lombroso debated that the criminal individualRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesSarah Osborne are accused of witchcraft in Salem, 1692 What to do with the witches?! Exodus 22:18- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Leviticus   20:27- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them. Assumptions of Demonology Secularization: a systematic and general attempt to explain something The world is a battlefield between supernatural forces of good and bad Deviance

Media in Today’s Life Free Essays

In the last 400 years of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th  century and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such a large scale based on the principle of â€Å"create once, publish many. † Media today encompasses  print  media- newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. ;  electronic  media-radio, television, telephony and the internet; and  entertainment  media- films and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Media in Today’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has made the idea of a â€Å"global village† a reality, has brought about the true realization of the freedom of speech and has helped in spreading education, health and equality. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen being at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But together with the aforementioned beneficial effects of the spread of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well. Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called â€Å"Yellow journalism†), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information authenticity and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream of  inclusive  development. Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the country. Today All India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and telephone services. Even the spread of education through Distance Learning has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues. The â€Å"Latitude of Acceptance† has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has also been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society. Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The Founding Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, secular and democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the coming future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals. How to cite Media in Today’s Life, Papers

Management Concepts The Leadership Challenges of James Riady

Question: Discuss about the Management Concepts Leadership Challenges of James Riady. Answer: Introduction A management issue refers to a challenge, problem or an opportunity that needs attention by the top executives with an aim of improving the level of the business productivity for its growth and development. The ability of every business to grow and develop relates to its ability to accept and build on diversity. This could be diversity relating to ideologies, work related activities, challenges or opportunities. Our case study ideological diversity on politics contributed to the business development. There are many issues that relate to business development and are controlled and coordinated by the business top management. These issues can be negative relating to the level and type of effects they cause to the business. In our case study, James Riady has shown good qualities as a business leader who has good will at heart for business development. He has in mind the need to have a democratic society which has positively changed the situation of development in his country Issue identification The management issue relating to these is the lack of consistency. This is clear when James joins politics besides his business and later faces challenges that affect him and the business (Ceko,2016). The fine that he faced of 8.6 million $ could have assisted in improving his business but didnt because he was facing challenges. As a leader, he stresses on the lack of consistency when he says that he learned that business and politics do not mix. A business is developed after an idea is initiated, built on by the initiator, established to make the idea visible. The plan on to which the business is initiated should be consistently followed to ensure that all the anticipated objectives and goals are achieved by following given strategies without fail. There are many benefits of consistency in a business that ensure developments and growth of both the organization and the employees. Among the many benefits, some include; Allows measurement. The business effectiveness is measured by the tools used in business development identification. It states that every business should be given time to grow by following the initiated methods and means that helps in achieving the set goals. Every business should be given adequate time to implement the set strategies. Helps to create accountability. All employees in an organization should be accountable for every step and decision they make towards achieving the set goals and objectives (Khan, 2015). In every organization, the employees have set roles that are made in relation to the goals set. This is also learned from the leaders who are accountable for their actions. Maintains message (Zsolnai, 2011) the information you gave to the customers, as well as the employees and other stakeholders, is important as it serves how they will behave. Helps to establish your reputation. The business develops well when consistently influenced by the situation of the efforts put in place (Samantaray, 2016). When a leader is in place to enhance development and according to the set pace of business advancement that is in line with organization culture. Improves relevancy. Ensures that the level at which the leader gives hope to the customers and the business stakeholders by the level of productivity and predictable flow of supply of goods, services, and information. Relevancy of consistency in management Management in every important in every business setting and the way its carried out enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the business outcome (Koumpis, 2012). By carrying out business and management activities in the set and agreed manner ensures there is consistency in the business. Management activities that include controlling, planning and coordinating are important in an organization setting to help achieve the business set goals and objectives. Strategic management planning in the business organization is important as it helps to develop the steps un to which organization activities would follow in order to be established. This implicates that for a business to grow, it must follow a certain order of given strategy respectively without a fail. Its important for every business leader to be consistent in all planning activities as it helps in saving time that is important in carrying out the set activities, saving resources that would be used in achieving other important functions of the business that helps in development (Khan, 2015)t. In our case study, James diverts his efforts in supporting politics that resulted in him using a lot of money to cater for the fine given, brought about challenges that put him in a compromising situation as his competitor linked his achievements with political relations. Chaos theory of management Among the many problems facing management in an organization is the inability to plan by strategically following the set structure of activities. These inabilities can be caused by increased conflicts at the work place. As a result, its hard to carry out all the set activities to help achieve the set goals of an organization. The theory illustrates that healthy completion in a business enhances positive development while unhealthy competition results to negative or no developments (Guhathakurta, Banerjee, Dan, 2013). From our case study, James case on the relations with the politicians where he also campaigned for them brought conflicts. The competitors argued that his success was as a result of the relations with the president. This was a series of conflicting issues as he knew that though the relationship brought about some advantages, it didnt really result in that level of success. The conflict was also between the competitors and the management as the level of success was hi an d improving more with time. This was important as it set an essential framework to help James and the management to conceptualize and get back to the favorable track of achievements. Critical discussion The chaos theory of management illustrates the level at which the rate of disagreements in a given organization affects the level of productivity of both the employees and the management at large (Cole, 2013). Although has been cited as a framework of conceptualization that is important to help develop the need to work together, its important to the management to help ensure that all the set business goals are in line with the abilities of the employees to produce and be the best. This is not easy as there is a lot of diversity issues in every business setting. The activities put in place also enhances the need for any given business opportunity to carry out a research and establish planning. Enhance interaction among the concerned individuals to create a peaceful environment important to carrying out the set activities in achieving the set goals and objectives. However, the theory advocates for long-term strategic planning in an organization (Haworth, Tzetzis, Vallabhajosula, Stergiou, 2013). This may not be possible as expected as the work place is full of diversifying activities. This makes it hard as the management cannot relevantly understand or rather know who can work with them for long and who for a short period. The theory also talks about the usage of resources that in times of conflicts and business related chaos, the many extracted resources may be destroyed though it advocates for developments and proper control and coordination in resource usage and management (Bhattacharya, Banerjee, 2013). These issues related to chaos theory can be improved by applying the recommendations below. Recommendations Improvement in the management of the many diversifying issues to help enhance a proper environment for productivity and coordination of employees. Proper management of resources and prevention of massive wastage can be done by introducing new means of reporting employees problems as well as demands that are relevant and in line with the set organizational goals to prevent destruction. Conclusion Issues in management are normal and common in all organizational setting as there is a massive increase in the rate of diversity at the workplace. The level at which management carries out planning should be relevant and positive to enhance development. Consistency in all business development is very important as it ensures that all the set procedures and directions set to help achieve the set goals are followed respectively to help save time and resources. References Bhattacharya, D., Banerjee, S. (2013). A comparative study of four different satellite image classification techniques for geospatial management. In , Chaos and complexity theory for management : nonlinear dynamics (pp. 283-295). Cole, S. (2013). Managing chaos in nonlinear economic systems : globalization and destination tourism. In , Chaos and complexity theory for management : nonlinear dynamics (pp. 297-314). Ceko, E. (2016). Some issues on relations between quality management/ISO standards application and doing business climate. (A comparative analysis of Balkans with Western European countries). European Scientific Journal, (7), 124. doi:10.19044/esj.2016.v12n7p124 Guhathakurta, K., Banerjee, S., Dan, P. K. (2013). Nonlinear dynamics of voltage fluctuation in power plants for strategic decisions. In , Chaos and complexity theory for management : nonlinear dynamics (pp. 352-367) Haworth, J. P., Tzetzis, G. P., Vallabhajosula, S. P., Stergiou, N. P. (2013). Optimal variability and complexity : a novel approach for management principles. In , Chaos and complexity theory for management : nonlinear dynamics (pp. 328-351). Khan, M. A. (2015). Diverse Contemporary Issues Facing Business Management Education. Hershey: Business Science Reference. Khan, M. A. (2015). Diverse contemporary issues facing business management education. Koumpis, A. (2012). Management information systems for enterprise applications: Business issues, research and solutions. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Samantaray, A. K. (2016). Issues and challenges in business management. Zsolnai, L. (2011). Spirituality and ethics in management. Dordrecht: Springer.